The combination of AI techniques and photonics has led to groundbreaking developments in many applications and provides huge opportunities for both fields. Photonics is among the most active and promising fields in science, technology and engineering. The recent rise in popularity of ML is related to the new opportunities opened by deep learning (DL), a methodology that exploits the advancements in computing power to solve highly complex tasks, such as computer vision, speech recognition, and self-driving cars, and that aims to approximate nonlinear transfer functions, leveraging their data-driven nature. Among the various branches of AI, the one that had the most impact on several different scientific and engineering fields is machine learning (ML), the science that studies how computers can be automatically trained to solve complex tasks starting from the analysis of data. The general consensus defines AI as the science that studies artificial systems/machines that imitate human/intelligent behavior. The definition of AI is very broad, just as is the definition of intelligence, and surprisingly it is still an open point of discussion among experts. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is undoubtedly one of most active research fields of the recent years, able to gather unprecedented investments and generate large economic impacts.
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